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Cake day: May 19th, 2024

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  • Wealth gaps are driven by governments benefitting the wealthiest over everyone else. They do this, as they themselves are chasing ratings from international ratings agencies.

    So they splurge on the biggest companies the country has, giving them a golden road to more wealth in the hopes GDP or some other stat will go up (and then the country’s rating).

    Ratings agencies themselves have to change in order to distinguish healthy managed degrowth, from recession. The importance of tackling climate change and secure the future by doing less. Or doing the same with better use of resources.

    Whilst printing money or digitally creating it, may be infinite, that’s not what the ratings agencies believe - they’re all neo liberal. We all need to understand climate change and massive wealth disparity are a national security and existential threat.




  • Many interpret the Wizard of Oz as being a reference to the authors ideas about the switch to gold and silver backed money, which was an issue of the time.

    Oz references ounces, the yellow brick road is a golden road, in the book Dorothy has silver shoes, not ruby, the Emerald City is supposedly where paper currency is issued, and the Wizard is supposed to be a banker.

    Oh and the Lion is supposed to be Teddy Roosevelt. Apparently there are a fair few political references of the era it was written.



  • Apparently the current model updates Out Of Africa theory to include some Hybridization with local traits from different areas as they travelled:

    Current theories

    Latest findings – including new fossils and improved DNA research and dating techniques – confirm the complexity of modern human (Homo sapiens) origins. Evidence still suggests that all modern humans are descended from an African population of Homo sapiens that spread out of Africa about 60,000 years ago but also shows that they interbred quite extensively with local archaic populations as they did so (Neanderthal and Denisovan genes are found in all living non-Africa populations) and these local populations contributed to our species’ success. So, while the general basis of the original Out of Africa model prevails, it requires extensive revision.

    Recent African Origin With Hybridisation

    Evidence indicates that Neanderthal and Denisovan traits emerge in Eurasia, while Homo sapiens traits emerge in Africa. Africa and Eurasia are isolated until H. sapiens disperses and interbreeds with the other two (and possibly some other unknown archaic species). Modern humans essentially absorb and replace the fragmentary local populations. The low percentage of Neanderthal and Denisovan genes found in living humans indicates a replacement process was most likely.

    What remains unclear is how ancestral modern human populations were interacting in Africa. Did Homo sapiens originate from a small local population that then spread, as some believe, or via interbreeding between multiple groups across a wide area?

    New fossil discoveries suggest that modern human physical traits did not emerge as one suite but were gradual. A skull from Jebel Irhoud in Morocco dated to about 300,000 years old, controversially assigned to Homo sapiens, had a modern-looking face but an elongated, archaic-looking braincase. This suggests our globular braincase evolved later and not as part of a fully modern suite of features.

    Based on this and other early Homo sapiens remains, including those from Herto and Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, the African Multiregionalism Model of H. sapiens evolution was proposed in 2018 by a group including Eleanor Scerri and Chris Stringer (who proposed the original Out of Africa model). They suggest that early Homo sapiens showed great diversity and that rather than a single origin, our species emerged from admixture among numerous populations within Africa.

    Assimilation Model

    While most researchers agree with the RAOWH model, there are some that propose a different theory of interactions among human species and the role these interactions had in modern human origins. This theory differs in the way it explains how the DNA of Homo sapiens mixed with local populations outside Africa. Essentially, while some H. sapiens traits originated in Africa, it was when populations spread into Eurasia and extensively interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans, that the evolution of new modern traits occurred. Thus, this model proposes, modern human origins involve a high degree of assimilation with archaic Eurasian populations within the last 100,000 years

    Source:

    https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/when-and-where-did-our-species-originate/